Rail Services: market situation between China and Europe

Thinking local, not global? Supply Chains in flux

Supply chains are undergoing a dramatic transformation. Many companies are considering bringing at least some of their manufacturing operations closer to the countries where they sell their products. The Covid-19 pandemic isn’t the only reason behind this trend, but it’s certainly spurring it on.

“Pulling together to master uncertainty”

We asked DACHSER CEO Burkhard Eling about the family-owned company’s vision for logistics in 2030 and the strategies that lead there.

IMO 2020 regulations are making ships cleaner

Commonly known as IMO 2020, the new environmental guidelines from the International Maritime Organization for global shipping traffic will take effect in January 2020. From then on, all ships on the open sea will be required to reduce their emissions of sulfur oxides by 85 per cent. This applies worldwide to all fuels used on the open sea.

IMO 2020 is an important step towards achieving a better ecological balance sheet for the industry, as international sea transportation generates about one billion metric tons of carbon dioxide each year and is responsible for 3 percent of all fine particulate matter created by human activity.

Carriers will have a number of more environmentally friendly options available to them. For example, they may choose to continue using heavy oil but also install special exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers); or switch to alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), very low sulfur fuel (VLSF), or marine diesel oil (MDO) sein.

The relevant country’s port authority is responsible for compliance with IMO 2020 and can check this with a detector and the ship’s logs. Violators will be subject to fines, ship detention, or even imprisonment.

Being a logistics service provider, DACHSER does not operate its own ships, but works with major shipping lines. “We, too, are interested in finding the most sustainable way to handle our transports,” says Rolf Mertins, Head of Global Management Ocean at DACHSER. “At the same time, we want to offer our customers scheduling reliability.”

Based on collaboration with partner carriers, DACHSER has now developed its own fuel cost model, the DACHSER Bunker Adjustment Reference Floater (DBAF). Replacing the Standard Bunker Factor (SBF) on mid- and long-term transactions, the DBAF is calculated based on the fuel prices of all relevant trades. “On this basis, we can calculate customers’ fuel-related costs irrespective of the carrier option,” Mertins concludes.

Effective December 1, 2019, there will be a Transition Environmental Fuel Fee for all Less-than-Container-Load (LCL) Freight All Kinds (FAK) businesses until further notice. The fee is in addition to any bunker charges.

For more details, please get in touch with your local DACHSER representative.

Prepare your supply chain for the impact of Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year (CNY) is coming soon at the beginning of February. Traditionally, it is an important event that influences the global freight market due to the extended national holidays, which means businesses will close, factories will suspend operations, and carriers will reduce capacity in response to lower demand. This year, with the unprecedented challenging market conditions, the impact of CNY is expected to be greater than usual.

Find out all you need to know about CNY, what it means to you and, most importantly, how you can prepare in order to minimize the impact to your supply chain.

• When is Chinese New Year?

In 2022, the Chinese welcome the Year of Tiger on February 1. In mainland China, a week-long public holiday begins on the eve of CNY. Below are the dates of the CNY public holidays across DACHSER’s Greater China locations:

China               January 31 – February 6
Hong Kong      February 1 – February 3
Taiwan           January 31 – February 4

• What will happen during Chinese New Year?

CNY is the biggest festival in China. It symbolizes the end of winter and the beginning of a new year in the Chinese lunar calendar. People make their way back to their hometowns for family reunions and celebrations before the first day of Chinese New Year, and travel back to their workplaces in cities after the holiday to start working again.

Most businesses including government services in China will be closed during the official public holidays as listed above, while some manufacturing facilities may close for a longer period of time or re-open with skeleton staff. Normal production levels will usually resume after four to six weeks.

All customs offices throughout China will only be closed during the national public holidays listed above. For eastbound shipment, if it arrives China during the CNY national public holiday, there will be no Customs declaration or inspection services available.

• What is the impact of Chinese New Year on transport logistics?

While factories operations will be put on hold during CNY, shippers will increase orders to stock up their inventories. Therefore, the impact of CNY can be seen during the pre-holiday period, when factories operate on full capacities to complete orders before they close.

The higher productivity creates extra pressure for transport logistics. At the moment, the congested supply chain is a challenge for almost all industries, and the CNY cargo rush is going to further intensify the heated logistics market.

Coincidently, the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held between February 4 – 20 in the Chinese capital city, Beijing. While no official announcement about transport restrictions has yet been published, it is expected that security inspections will be tightened and restrictions to dangerous goods will be implemented a few days prior and during the event. However, its impact is uncertain for the time being.

Last but not least, the sudden outbreak of Covid cases may cause additional disruption such as road closures, flight cancellations, and manpower shortages when operators or drivers are in quarantine.

Therefore, it is important to work out a long-term strategic plan with your logistics partner to minimize disruption to your supply chain, not only during CNY but throughout the year in 2022 and beyond.

• Market updates leading to CNY

Traditionally, CNY brings a substantial impact to the capacities of all kinds of transport – air, sea, rail and road. The logistics market will be severely challenged during the pre-CNY cargo rush this year. Keeping yourself updated with current market developments will allow you to react swiftly and plan accordingly.

Air
For air freight, it is expected that the current extraordinary peak season will continue from now until end of January, before the CNY holiday starts. Overall, the market is still facing a shortage in capacity, especially under different COVID quarantine policies resulting from the threat of the Omicron variant, leading to more uncertainty and volatility. In Hong Kong for example, many passenger flights are forced to cancel in December due to the crew rotation issues, leading to reduced belly capacity as a result. Also, many freighters are required to undergo maintenance checks in the upcoming few months after being deployed for a long period of time, which will further affect available capacity in the market.

Sea
The current sea freight market is in a similar situation to air. Services from ocean carriers remain disrupted with many blank sailings due to port congestion. Feeder services from South China to and from the Pearl River Delta were suspended from December until the start of CNY, leading to longer transit times via road transportation. Service integrity may remain a challenge or even get worse from January onwards due to expected stronger demand as CNY draws closer, together with continuous issues related to the COVID outbreak and congestions in the market. Thus, capacity and equipment will be under tremendous pressure, and rates have a high tendency to soar in such situations.

Shippers are advised to plan bookings ahead by giving at least 3 weeks’ forecast. Stay connected to your logistics partner in terms of last minute schedule changes, and keep an open mind for alternative sailing options.

Rail
The rail schedule for 2022 is yet to be released. Based on past records, rail services will be available as usual until the last week leading up to CNY. Gate-in schedules might be adjusted as per rail operators' instructions. However, pre-carriage and on-carriage services in China will become a challenge from January 20, 2022 onwards, therefore a general increase in rates is expected. During the CNY national holiday, there will be no rail services.

Based on historical experience and excluding covid uncertainties, trucking services both westbound and eastbound are expected to resume to 80% of normal levels two weeks after CNY and fully resume at the beginning of March.

• What can be done now?

- Create a long-term planning and share with us your order forecast as early as possible, so we can plan our resources early and secure your demand;
- Build up a deeper inventory; factories normally resume their normal production levels four to six weeks after CNY;
- Take consideration of longer transit times in your planning; the global freight market is unprecedently congested already before CNY, so it is important to work out a strategic supply chain planning with your trusted logistics partner;
- Plan departures from terminals in China a few days before the CNY holiday starts i.e. January 28, 2022, and make sure your production schedule meets the gate-in time slots;
- Declare your shipment as soon as the mandatory data is available, and make sure you allow sufficient time to obtain the final Customs release before the Estimated Time of Departure (ETD);
- Get in touch with one of the DACHSER representatives. Our experienced logistics experts will assist you with finding the best solutions tailored to your needs.

We hope the above information can facilitate your logistics planning towards CNY. If you have any questions, please feel free to get in touch with us.